Twelve Important Tips for a Happy Marriage Life

Twelve Important Tips for a Happy Marriage Life

By: Dr. Md. Abdus Sabur

we‡q†Z m~Lx nIqvi 1 WRb wUcm&t 

Wv. †gvt Ave`ym meyi

Gg.Gmwm, wWGBPGgGm,

1) Enter the marriage with the right intention and renew this often

we‡qi welqwU Ggb GK RvqMvq †cŠ‡Q w`b †h GB m¤úK©wU Avcwb wdeQi bevqb Ki‡eb ev m¤úK©wU bZzb K‡i fve‡eb|

2) Remember that your spouse is also your brother or sister in Islam

memgqB g‡b ivL‡eb †h Avcbviv ¯^vgx-¯¿xiv Bmjvg ag©g‡Z ci¯ú‡ii fvB ev †evb

3) Do not hold unrealistic expectations

me mgqB Aev¯—e Avkv †Q‡o w`b; †h Avkv evZzjZv ev gixwPKv, Zvi †cQ‡b Qy‡U †KvbI jvf †bB|

4) Focus on the best in your spouse

¯^vgx-¯¿xi bRi †`qv DwPr †hw`KUv fvj ‡mw`KUvq

5) Be your mate’s best friend

Avcbviv ci¯ú‡ii eÜz †nvb| ¯^vgx hw` ïayB ¯^vgx nq ev ¯¿x hw` ïayB ¯¿x nq Zvn‡j wecwË eva‡eB|

6) Spend quality time together

‡h mgq¸‡jv Avcbv‡`i `yÕR‡bi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q `vgx (†KvqvwjwU UvBg cvwms) `yR‡bB †m me mgq GK‡Î fvM K‡i wbb| GKmv‡_B _vKzb|

7) Express feelings often

Avcbv‡`i Abyf~wZ ¸‡jvi cÖKvk NUvb

8) Admit to mistakes and ask for forgiveness

‡h fyj ci¯ú‡i K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv †g‡b wbb Avi ¶gv †P‡q wbb|

9) Never bring up past mistakes

¯^vgx ev ¯¿xi hw` †Kvb AZxZ NUbv †_‡K _v‡K †m¸‡jv †Kvb fv‡eB †U‡b Avb‡eb bv (craving to straighten out one’s affair)

10) Surprise each other at times

‡Kvb welq wb‡q ‡Kvb GK mgq G‡K Aci‡K Pg‡K w`b|

11) Cultivate a sense of humor

‡KŠZzK wcÖq †nvb ¯^vgx ¯¿x `yR‡bB| mgq KvU‡e fv‡jv|

Bmjv‡gi wcÖq bex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mt) Zvui wcÖq ¯¿xM‡Yi mv‡_ †KŠZzK Ki‡Zb| wZwb mvnex‡`i mv‡_I †KŠZzK Ki‡Zb| 

12) Quick tips for discussions and disagreements

Av‡jvPbv I gZwe‡iv‡ai Aemvb NU‡bvi Rb¨ K‡qKwU wUcm&t

• Begin with the intention to resolve the issue.  Ggb AvMÖn cÖ_‡gB _vK‡Z n‡e †h Df‡qB gZwe‡iv‡ai Aemvb NUv‡eb
• Remember that it takes two to quarrel.  GKnv‡Z Zvwj ev‡Rbv,GK_vwU me mgqB †Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e
• Both spouses should not be angry at the same time. 
• ¯^vgx-¯¿xi KvD‡KB GKB mg‡q ivMvwš^Z nIqv hv‡eB bv|
• Never yell (shout, scream, and roar) at each other unless the house is on fire.  memgqB G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ MRMR/KUv¶ Ki‡eb bv|
• Never go to sleep with an argument unsettled. 
• ‡Kvb SMov wb¯úwË bv K‡i weQvbvq hv‡eb bv|
• If one spouse needs to win, let it be your mate.  hw` ¯^vgx-¯¿xi †KD GKRb SMovq wR‡Z †h‡Z Pvb, wRZ‡Z w`b| KviY, Avcbviv `yR‡bB†Zv GKvš— |
• Remember your house in Paradise!  ‡e‡nk‡Z Avcbv‡`i Ni ˆZix _vK‡e GUv wPš—v Ki“b| Bmjv‡gi wcÖq bex nhiZ gynv¤§`(mt) e‡jb, †Kvb gvbyl hw` m‡Z¨i Ici †_‡KI SMov †_‡K weiZ _v‡K Ges wg_¨vi Kv‡QI hvq bv| Avj­vn Zvi Rb¨ †e‡nk‡&Zi gvSLv‡b GKwU Ni ˆZix K‡i †`‡eb| Avi Avj­vn ‡e‡nk‡Zi Dcwifv‡M GKwU Ni evbv‡eb hviv Zv‡`i PwiÎ cweÎ iv‡L| (Avey `vD` 41/4782)

Asia with Noise

‰n ˆP‡qi Gwkqv

Wv³vi †gvt Avãym meyi

2006 mv‡ji †Kvb GKw`b| Avwg Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjwg‡U‡Wi †jvKvj Awd‡m d‡ib †iwgU¨vÝ wefv‡M KvR Kwi| Avgv‡`i GB wefvM †ek eo| A‡bK Awdmvi GLv‡b KvR K‡ib| †ek e¨¯— _vK‡Z nq| we‡`k †_‡K †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡m, Gi wcQy wb‡q Av‡mb †ewbwdwkqvixiv hviv UvKv ‡b‡eb ev Zzj‡eb| Zv‡`i‡K Lykx Ki‡Z nq my¯’ Reve w`‡q| Avgiv †mev †`B| G KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK gvby‡li Avbv‡Mvbv nq Awd‡m| Mg Mg k‡ã f‡i hvq Awdm cÖv½b| A‡bK mgq cv‡k emv mnKgx©‡K WvK‡Z nq †ek †Rv‡i| Avevi †iwgU¨v‡Ýi mgvavb w`‡Z nq †gveBj †dv‡bi mnvqZvq| †gvevBj †dvb gv‡b GKUv fxwZ| GKUv n¨vRvW©| fxwZKi †Kvb wKQ~|   

mwZ¨B| †gvevBj †dvb Avgvi Kv‡Q fxwZKi GKUv e¯‘| Kv‡b jvMv‡Z nq| K_v ewj, ïwb| cvuP wgwb‡Ui †ekx Kv‡b jvwM‡q ivL‡j c‡ii `yB N›Uv ïb‡Z Kó nq| Avgiv G iKg †iwgU¨v‡Ýi A_ GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq cvVv‡Z †UwjMÖvwdK UªvÝdvi ev wU.wU K‡i _vwK| GB wU.wU¸‡jv‡K †gvevBj A_ev j¨vÛ †dv‡bi gva¨‡g cvVv‡bv nq wmwKDwiwU †KvW jvwM‡q| Gfv‡e GKevi †gvevBj †dvb Kv‡b jvwM‡q e¨vcK msL¨K wU.wU `~‡ii †Kvb GK kLvq cvVvevi c‡i Avgvi Kv‡b mgm¨v †`Lv w`j| Kv‡b Kg ïwb Avi wSb wSb kã nq| gnvLvjxi mvwnK bv‡gi miKvix cÖwZôv‡b cix¶v KivB| Zviv ej‡jb GLb †_‡K KgB k~b‡eb| mvDÛ wiwmwfs mgm¨v n‡q‡Q ¯’vqx fv‡e| IB Ae&¯’v wb‡qB AvwQ| GLb Avwg g‡b KiwQ †h Avgvi  Kvb Avi fv‡jv n‡e bv| Zv n‡j Avcbviv wPš—v K‡i †`Lyb †h b‡qR ev kã `~lb Avgv‡`i KZUzKz ¶wZ Ki‡Q|         

mviv `ywbqvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i Gkxqv gnv‡`k kã `~l‡b kxl© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i‡Q| G wb‡q †jLv wjwLI Kg n‡”Q bv| wKš‘ djvdj k~b¨B †_‡K hv‡”Q| XvKv‡Z Avgv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ gš¿bvjq †_‡K G wb‡q †Kvb M‡elYv n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv Avgvi Rvbv bvB| eZ©gv‡b Gkxqv gnv‡`‡k kã `~lY gnvgvixi i“c wb‡q‡Q|  

`ycy‡ii Lvev‡ii mgq| nsKs‡qi GwU RbwcÖq †nv‡Uj| XyK‡ZB Kv‡b Gj A‡bK kã| Gi mv‡_ †c­U, PvgP Avi M­v‡mi Sb Sbvwb| 50 R‡bi gZ em‡Z cv‡i GB †nv‡U‡j|& G‡`i K_v evZ©v, †c­U Avi Pvg‡Pi kã `ycy‡ii mgq Ggb GK Aeövi m„wó K‡i †h ZLb wb‡Ri K_v wb‡Ri ïb‡Z Kó nq| I‡qUvi †`i wR‡Ám Ki‡j e‡i, wK Ki‡ev| A‡f¨m n‡q †M‡Q| gvÎ cvuP wgwbU c‡i †ewi‡q G‡j g‡b nq †h‡bv †Kvb iK KbmvU© †_‡K | †ewi‡q Gjvg|   

nsKs‡qi me RvqMv‡ZB GiKg| †i‡¯—vivu, cvewjK Uªv݇cvU©, ¯‹zj cÖv½b meLv‡b| †jvK Rb‡`i KvQ †_‡K †LvuR wb‡q Rvbv hvq †h Zviv kã `~lb wb‡q mwZ¨B DwØMœ| weÁvbxiv v‡kxqvi e¨sKK, nsKs, wmOvcyi, wdwjcvBb me kn‡i cix¶v K‡i †`‡L‡Qb †hme RvqMv‡ZB Kvb e›` n‡q hvevi gZ Ae¯’v|

wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi g‡Z kªeY kw³i †mBdwU wjwgU ev wbivc` mxgv n‡”Q 70 wWmvBej| wKš‘ Gkxqvi A‡bK eo eo kn‡i G gvÎv 70 Gi Ic‡i| †nqvwis G·cvU©iv e‡j‡Qb, me mgq k‡ãi g‡a¨ emevm Ki‡j 10 †_‡K 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ A‡b‡K ¯’vqx fv‡e keY kw³ nvivq| G gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb wms½vcyi wfwËK gvD›U GwjRv‡e_ nvmcvZv‡ji B.Gb.wU we‡klÁiv| gvj‡qkxqvi cvbZvB †Pivm †gwWK¨vj †m›Uv‡ii B.Gb.wU †m›Uv‡ii mvR©b e‡j‡Qb, †ekx k‡ãi g‡a¨ A‡bK mgq a‡i emevm Ki‡j ¯’vqxfv‡e kªeY kw³ nvwi‡q hvq| ZvÕQvov G‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ Lvivc n‡q Avq I D‡ØM ev‡o| nvU© Lviv‡ci w`‡K †gvo †bq| e¨vsK‡Ki Gg.we‡K †gwWK¨vj †m›Uv‡ii Av‡k cv‡k hviv ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i ILvbKvi wm‡bgv nvD‡mi k‡ã GLb Zv‡`i ¯’vqxfv‡e kªeY mgm¨v n‡”Q| GLv‡b k‡ãi cwigvY 120 wWmvBe‡ji †P‡q †ekx| A_P _vBj¨v‡Ûi Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj †evW© GUv †e‡a w`‡q‡Q 85 wWmvBe‡j| weÁvbxiv e‡j‡Qb, 100 wWmvBe‡ji †P‡q †ekx kã Kv‡b XyK‡jB kªeY kw³i mgm¨v n‡e| Avi GUv n‡e gvÎ 15 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨|   

‡nqvwis G·cvU©iv e‡j‡Qb, 2 wgUvi ev ai“b 80 Bw `~‡ii †Kvb hš¿ ev Kv‡iv K_v ïb‡Z Kó n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e †h Kv‡b mgm¨v n‡q‡Q|

wm½vcy‡ii GKUv R¨vgc¨vK ev‡m PjwQ| Avgv‡`i gvÎ `yÕwmU Av‡M emv GK hye‡Ki Gg.wc-w_ª †_‡K Mvb †kvbv hv‡”Q| ‡evSvB hv‡”Q& †h G kã `~lY gvÎvi †P‡q A‡bK †ekx& GUv n‡Z cv‡i 120 wWmvBej& ev ZviI †ekx| Kv‡b e¨v_v nIqvi Rb¨ G gvÎv h‡_ó| XvKvq Avgiv ni nv‡gkv †gvevBj †dv‡b Mvb ïwb; †iwWI ïwb Avevi nvB wc‡P †gvevBj †dvb wiwmf Kwi| GUv eû hvÎxi weiw³i D‡`ªK K‡i ˆewK| wKš‘ Avgiv KLbI KvD‡K eySvB bv †h Gi Avi‡Y Avgv‡`i KZUzKz ¶wZ n‡”Q| ZvQvov AvRKvjKvi hye‡Kiv gv‡b Kwe myKv‡š—i ÔÔAvVv‡iv eQiÓ eqwmiv †mb‡mkbvj wgDwR‡Ki w`‡K SzK‡Q †ekx| Zviv wgwWqv †c­qv‡i nvB wc‡P Gme Mvb k~b‡Z Af¨¯— n‡q c‡o‡Q| GZ †h Zv‡`i c‡Ubwkqvj †nqvwis jm n‡”Q ZvÕ Zviv †Ui cv‡”Q bv| Ggb K_v e‡jb nsKs †c­-MÖvDÛ G¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi cÖavb Dbœqb Kg©KZv© Iqvb j¨vc g¨vb| wZwb 24 eQi eqmx GK hyeK‡K cÖkœ Ki‡j †m DËi †`q †h, ÔÔn¨vu, Rvwb&| Z‡e Avwg Gi c‡iI wgDwRK GbRq Kwi| Gqvi †dvb Lyj‡j Kv‡b wSb wSb K‡i| Kg ïb‡Z cvB|Ó Kv‡b wSb wSb Kivi ˆeÁvwbK bvg ÔÔwUwbUvmÓ| G‡Z Ny‡gi e¨vNvZ N‡U Ges †Kvb Kv‡R gbtms‡hvM Kg nq|      

†nqvwis j‡mi †cQ‡bi K_vt

20 eQi eq‡mi †g‡q mvivn| B‡Zvg‡a¨B I †nqvwis j‡mi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q|  I GK †nv‡U‡ji I‡q‡Uªm| mvivni mv‡_ K_v e‡j Rvbv †Mj GLb †m Kv‡R Avmvi Av‡M fxZ n‡q c‡o Avi †i‡M hvq| GB †i‡M hvIqv wKš‘ G‡m‡Q b‡qR cjy¨kvb ev kã `~lb †_‡K | GUv †óªm ev gvbwlK Pv‡ci Av‡Mi avc| Gi Kvi‡Y kix‡i †ivMvµg‡bi gvÎv †e‡o hvq| hLb kix‡i †óªm †e‡o hvq ZLb G¨vW‡ibvwjb bv‡gi ni‡gvb †d¬v †e‡o hvq| Gi d‡j ü`¯ú›`b ev‡o| Gi d‡j e­vW †cÖmvi ev‡o| mg‡qi e¨eav‡b GUv nq W¨vb&Rvivm ev fqven Kw¤^‡bkvb GgbUv e‡jb e¨v¼K wfwËK †nqvwis B›Uvib¨vkbv‡ji †cÖwm‡W›U mywPÎv cÖvmvbmyK| A‡c¶vK…Z Kg kã `~l‡bi g‡a¨ LvK‡jI i³ Pvc evo‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z gyW myBswMs ev gvbwlKZvi †ni †di nq, Nyg Kg nq GgbwK AvZ¥nZ¨vi gZ wmwiqvm e¨vcviI N‡U|   

¯—b¨cvqx ev`y‡oi wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvb

Avgiv hLb mwVK fv‡e ïwbt

1.      Kv‡bi evB‡ii w`‡Ki Ask evB‡ii cwi‡ek †_‡K kã avib K‡i|

2.     GB kã c‡i ga¨ Kv‡bi ÔÔGqvi WªvgÓch©š— hvq|  Gqvi Wªvg n‡”Q GKwU cvZjv c`©v|

3.     Gi ci Gqvi Wªvg Kuvc‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z kã amplify nq, ¯úó nq|

4.     Ggwc­dvBW kã Aš—K‡Y©i †fZ‡ii Ask ev KKwjqv ch©š— hvq| KKwjqv n‡”Q wRjvwci gZ c¨vuPv‡bv GKwU kªeb hš¿| GwU GKwU wUDe| Gi g‡a¨ _v‡K cvwb Avi nvRvi nvRvi †jvg ev wmwjqv hv k‡ãi mv‡_ mv‡_ mvov †`q| Gi d‡j B‡jKwUªK Zi½ ev Bgcvjm& ˆZix nq| GB Bgcvjm& Kv‡bi bvf© ev kªeb bvf© ev AwWUix bvf© w`‡q †mvRv †eªb ev gM‡R P‡j hvq| GB gMR ZLb B‡jKwUªK Zi½†K kã Zi‡½ cwiYZ K‡i| ZLb Avgiv ïb‡Z cvB|

5.     ga¨ Kb© w`‡q kã †h‡Z bv cvi‡j Zv‡K wPwKrmKiv e‡jb KbWvKwUf †nqvwis jm| GUv n‡Z cv‡i Kv‡bi †fZ‡i R‡g _vKv ˆLj ev wmi“‡gb ev Gqvi Iqv· Gi Kvi‡Y A_ev †Kvb †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y A_ev †Kvb e¨vKwUwiqv †_‡K msµg‡Yi Kvi‡Y| Z‡e GUv `xN©¯’vqx †Kvb AmyL bq|  

Aš—K‡Y©i †Kvb AmyL n‡j Zv‡K wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi fvlvq e‡j †mb&mix wbDi¨vj †nqvwis jm&| GB AmyL `xN©¯’vqx| wmsMvcyi BDwbfvwm©wUi A‡Uvj¨vwi‡½vjwRó W±i †igÛ †bv‡Mv e‡jb, kã `~l‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡j Aš—K‡Y©i g‡a¨i wmwjqv ev Pz‡ji gZ e¯‘¸‡jvi  Kg©¶gZv n«vm cvq| G¸‡jv g‡i †h‡Z k~i“ K‡i Avi A‡bK¸‡jv g‡iI hvq| g‡i †M‡j †m¸‡jv Avi bZzb K‡i Rb¥vq bv| Z‡e W±i mywPÎv e‡jb, kã `~lb Aek¨B Kgv‡bv hvq Ges Zv mgfe| W±i †bv‡Mv e‡jb, †nqvis ev kã †kvbv‡K mwVK ivL‡Z Avgv‡`i eyS‡Z n‡e †h Avgiv KZUv k‡ãi g‡a¨ _vK‡ev Avi Zv wbqš¿b mxgvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wK bv|  

Kv‡bi †fZ‡ii wPÎ

Kv‡bi GK w`‡bi wbN©›Ut 

	Mo (wW.we.G) Avš—R©vwZK gvb	D”P wW.we.G Avš—R©vwZK gvb
KwgDU/hvZvqvZ	79.8	105.5
Awdm fe‡b KvR	78.8	102.9
jvÂ	77.4	107.5
¯‹zj	75	100
kwcs	80.2	102.4
‡jRvi/Gg.wc-w_ª/wgDwRK/gywf	79.6	110.1
cÖwZw`‡bi k‡ãi Mo †WvR	78.5	104.7

kã wbN©›U

µg	wWmvBej&	kªeb
01	00	gvbyl me©v‡c¶v Kg †h kã †kv‡b
02	30	wdmwdm Kiv
03	50	kû‡i evoxi †fZ‡ii kã
04	55	5 wgUvi `~‡ii Mvox PjvP‡ji kã
05	60	1 wgUvi `~‡ii K_vevZ©vi kã
06	85	15 wgUvi `~‡ii evqywenxb wWª‡ji kã
07	90	15 wgUvi `~‡i e¨¯— hvbevnb PjvP‡ji kã
08	100	15 wgUvi `~‡ii wPrKv‡ii kã
09	105	600 wgUvi `~‡i wegv‡bi †UK Ad& ev D‡o IVv
10	117	dzj fwjD‡g wWm‡Kv
11	120	60 wgUvi `~‡i wegv‡bi ‡UK Ad&
11	130	gvby‡li e¨v_v mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv
12	140	30 wgUvi `~‡i wegv‡bi †UK Ad&

 

Avgv‡`i Kx KiYxqt

Avgv‡`i G A‡ji A‡bK †`‡kB GLb Pvjy n‡q‡Q b‡qR BbwWDmW& †nqvwis jm wcÖ‡fbkvb †cÖvMÖvg| G‡Z kã `~lb Kgv‡bv m¤¢e n‡”Q| e¨vsK‡K Pvjy n‡q‡Q ÔÔKzBU e¨vsKK K¬veÓ| GB ms¯’vi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii Ici Pvc †`qv n‡”Q|

Avgv‡`i †`‡kI Ggb Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv DwPr hv‡Z kã `~l‡bi gvÎv Kwg‡q wb‡R‡`i Z_v †`kevmx‡K i¶v Kiv hvq|

Yellow Fuel

njy` R¡vjvbx

‡gvt Ave`ym meyi

Avcbviv A‡b‡KB nq‡Zv MÖxb dz‡qj ev meyR R¡vjvbxi bvg ï‡b _vK‡eb| wKš‘ Gevi †h R¡vjvbxi bvg ïb‡eb ZvÕ n‡”Q nj‡` R¡vjvbx| nj‡` R¡vjvbx weÁvbxiv Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb Kjvi Dw”Qó †_‡K| B‡Zvg‡a¨B GB R¡vjvbx †ek †UKmB e‡j cÖgvwYZI n‡q‡Q Avi Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k Zvi wbR¯^ ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z P‡j‡Q| 

¯^í cÖhyw³i GB R¡jvbxi avibv cÖ_‡g cvIqv hvq hy³iv‡R¨i bwUsnvg wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K| GLv‡b Kjv †Lvmv †_‡K †h `ªe¨wU ˆZix Kiv nq Zvi bvg weª‡KU| GwU ivbœv Kiv, Ni‡`vi Av‡jwKZ Kiv Avi Ni Mig ivLvi e¨vcv‡i †ek Kvh©Ki f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| jvKox †hvMvo K‡i †h Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq Zvi e`‡j Kjvi †Lvmvi GB weª‡KU  ‡ek RbwcÖqZv cv‡e e‡j weÁvbxiv avibv Ki‡Qb| weÁvbxiv AviI Mfxifv‡e ‡f‡e †`‡L‡Qb †h e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv †c‡j GB R¡vjvbx AvwdªKv gnv‡`‡ki ebf~wg e¶vq we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡e| eZ©gvb kZ‡K ebf~wgi DRvo nIqv  ‰ewk¦K ZvcgvÎv †e‡o hvIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY|    

P‡jv nj‡` n‡q hvB:

Avwd«Kvi †`k †hgb †ivqvÛvq Kjv n‡”Q GK Ab¨Zg A_©Kix dmj| GLvb †_‡K Zvi evbvq Lv`¨, g` Avi weqvi| weÁvbxiv wnmve K‡l †`‡L‡Qb †h, Kjvq Lv`¨ cvIqv hvq LyeB mvgvb¨| Zviv e‡jb, GK Ub Kjvq 10 Ub eR© †ei nq hv Kjvi †Lvmv, Mv‡Qi cvZv Avi Kv‡Ûi mgš^‡q ˆZix|

bwUsnvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wc.GBP.wW †Kv‡m© M‡elYviZ QvÎ †Rv‡qj Pvbx Zvi M‡elbvi DcKiY LuyR‡Z GKevi †ivqvÛv mdi K‡ib| Gmgq GB ¯^í Li‡Pi cÖhyw³i welqwU Zvi gv_vq Av‡m| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwÄwbqvwis d¨vKvwë‡Z wd‡i G‡m ‡Rv‡qj Pvbx wPš—v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb †h wKfv‡e GB cÖhyw³ wb‡q GwM‡q hvIqv hvq| †Rv‡qj cÖ_‡g †Lvmv Avi cvZv †_‡K gÛ ˆZix K‡ib| GB gÛ‡K wZwb Kv‡Vi ¸u‡ovi m‡½ wgkvb| GUv‡K wZwb †gwk‡b Pvc w`‡q wKDe AvKvi †Ki evwb‡q †bb Ges c‡i ïwK‡q †bb| GZ Av¸b awi‡q †`qvi ei †Rv‡qj †`L‡jb weª‡KUwU A‡bK¶Y a‡i R¡j‡Q|

‡Rv‡qj e‡jb, Avgiv GLb GB gÛ †_‡K R¡jxq Ask ev` w`‡q ej ˆZix Ki‡Z cvwi| GUv n‡e Avi GK ai‡bi cÖvwß| GB ej Avi weª‡KU ˆZix Kivi c‡i ‡m¸‡jv †iv‡` †d‡j ivL‡j, mßvn Lv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B Zv R¡vjvbx wn‡m‡e ˆZix n‡q hv‡e| ‡Rv‡qj e‡jb, ¯^í cÖhyw³i GB R¡vjvbx c„w_exi wewfbœ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i R¡vjvbxi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

mg‡qi e¨eav‡b Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq R¡vjvbx mvkªq Avi bZzb bZzb R¡vjvbxi †Luv‡R gvbyl Qy‡U †ewo‡q‡Q|  wKš‘ cÖPzi Li‡Pi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i A‡bK cÖ‡PóvB Amdj n‡q‡Q| bwUsnvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡KŠkj wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi gvBK wK¬‡dvW© †Rv‡qj Pvbxi Avwe®K…Z weª‡KU cywo‡q cvwb  Mig Kivi mgq †óv‡fi Kv‡Q `vuwo‡q wQ‡jb| wZwb GB Avwe®‹v‡i †ek Lywk|

weÁvbx‡`i wek¦vm †h Kjvi GB weª‡KU R¡vjvbxi Rb¨ Kv‡Vi Ici wbf©ikxjZv Kwg‡q †`‡e|  ‡ivqvÛv, ZvÄvwbqv Ges eyi“wÛ n‡”Q Avwd«Kvi Kjv Drcv`bKvix †`k| Giv R¡vjvbxi 80% KvV msMÖn K‡i ebf~wg †_‡K| G‡Z †`k¸‡jvi ebf~wgi cwigvb hv‡”Q K‡g| ZvPvov R¡vjvbx jvKwo msMÖn Kiv myKwVb GKwU KvR hv mvavibZt †g‡qivB K‡i _v‡K| Kjvi weª‡KU Zv‡`i bZzb m¤¢vebvi `yqvi Ly‡j w`‡”Q|

evsjv‡`‡k e¸ovi gnv¯vbM‡oi Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z †gvKvgZjv GjvKv I gywÝM‡Ä cÖPzi Kjv R‡b¥| G GjvKvq R¡vjvwbi Pvwn`vI i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki weÁvbxiv Avwd«Kvi gZ Kjvi weª‡KU ˆZix K‡i GB GjvKvi R¡vjvbxi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z cv‡ib| 

Bottled Water: To drink or not to drink

‡evZ‡ji cvwb: Lv‡eb wK Lv‡eb bv!!

†gvt Ave`ym meyi

weÁv‡bi Kj¨v‡Y GLb †evZjRvZ cvwb me©ÎB weivR Ki‡Q| wK ce©‡Zi P~ovq, wK wegv‡b, wK evox‡Z, wK †`vKv‡b| kw³gvb cvwb me RvqMv `Lj K‡i Av‡Q|  2007 mv‡j `ywbqvevmx 49 wewjqb †evZj  cvwb cvb K‡i‡Q| GUv 2002 mv‡ji †P‡q 8% †ekx| †evZjRvZ cvwb †`q mRxeZv, K¨v‡jvix evovq bv|, U¨v‡ci cvwbi †P‡q my¯^v`y Ges †KvKv †Kvjv, dvbUv, †ccwm ev Ab¨me †Kvgj cvbx‡qi †P‡q fv‡jv|

wKš‘ GLb `ywbqvevmxiv cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Qb †h, †evZ‡ji cvwb wK mwZ¨B ¯^v‡¯’i Rb¨ fv‡jv?

  

‡evZ‡ji Mv‡q ¯§„wZ RvMvwbqv PUK`vi bvg, mvov RvMv‡bv †cvóvi G¸‡jv meB g‡b Kwi‡q †`q †h, †evZ‡ji cvwb‡Z weï× cvwb Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ †evZ‡ji †j‡e‡j A‡bK Z‡_¨i NvUwZ _vKvq e¨enviKvixiv Rv‡bb bv †h Ziv mwZ¨B wK Lv‡”Qb| Zviv Rv‡bb bv †h cvwb¸‡jvi gvb wbqš¿b K‡Vvi wK bv, weï× wK bv Ges U¨v‡ci cvwbi †P‡q wbivc` wK bv| G cÖkœ¸‡jv K‡i‡Q hy³iv‡óªi b¨vPvivj wi‡mv‡m©m wW‡dÝ KvDwÝj-Gb.Avi.wW.wm-Gi GKRb †evZj we‡klÁ †gB-D|

‡evZjRvZ cvwbt

n¨vu| GUv wVK †h †Kvb †Kvb †evZ‡ji cvwb cvwbi cÖavb cÖavb Drm †_‡KB msMÖn Kiv nq| wKš‘ †Lv` hy³iv‡óªB  †evZjRvZ cvwib 25%  GKev‡i wgDwbwmc¨vwjwUi U¨v‡ci cvwb| G¸‡jv‡K wUªU‡g›U K‡i weï× Kiv nq| c‡i †evZ‡j f‡i nvRvi¸b Pov `v‡g wewµ Kiv nq| MÖvnK hLb Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h Zviv U¨v‡ci cvwbB Lv‡”Qb ZLb Zviv Avðh©¨B nq| wKš‘ hviv †evZjRvZ Ki‡Qb Zviv †j‡Lb bv †h †Kv_vq GB cvwbi Drm!

Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki †evZjRvZ cvwbi ms¯’v¸‡jv e‡j‡Q wgDwbwmc¨vwjwUi cvwb †evZ‡j fivi Av‡M Zviv cvZb cÖwµqvi c‡i wW- Av‡qvbvBR ev wifvm©- Am‡gvwmm cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cvwb‡K †kvab K‡i †bq| Z‡e GLv‡b e¨wZµgI Av‡Q| †bm‡jÕi gZ †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv cvwbi Dr‡mi K_v †evZ‡ji Mv‡q wj‡L †`q| Z‡e cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jv gvbyl‡K weåvš— K‡i| GKevi nsKs‡qi cvbxq cÖ¯‘ZKviK cÖwZôv†bi gvóvi Ks †K wUwf Kgvwk©qv‡ji e¨vcv‡i e¨vcK wRÁvmvev` Kiv nq|  c‡i wZwb ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq †h, †h cvwb †evZ‡j fiv nq ZvÕ GKev‡iB U¨v‡ci cvwb| GB Ace¨env‡ii my‡hvM †bqvi Rb¨ gvóvi Ks‡K Ab jvB‡b e¨vcK wRÁvmmvev` Kiv nq| gvm Lv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B GB e¨w³ †evZ‡ji †j‡e‡ji k㸇jv c~Ywe©b¨vm K‡i GKwU my¯’ cÖPvi ˆZix K‡ib|       

wm½vcy‡ii GK gvS eqmx R¡vjvbx we‡klÁ Rywjqvb Is e‡jb, †evZ‡ji cvwbi eqm †`‡LB A‡b‡K GB cvwb e¨env‡ii Av¯’v nvwi‡q †d‡j| wZwb e‡jb, †Kvgj cvYxqmn †evZjRvZ cvwb MÖvn‡Ki Av¯’v AR©‡b m¤ú~b© e¨_© n‡q‡Q| Rywjqvb Is AviI e‡jb, †evZ‡ji Avi U¨v‡ci cvwbi GB †h weZK© ZvÕ wKš‘ †ek RwUj| A‡b‡K kvixwiK Kvi‡YB †ekx cvwb cvb K‡i _v‡Kb| †Kej Zviv GUB Rv‡bb bv †h Zviv mwZ¨B wK Lv‡”Qb|

1999G hy³iv‡óªi b¨vPvivj wi‡mv‡m©m wW‡dÝ KvDwÝj (Gb. Avi.wW.wm ) †evZjRvZ cvwbi cÖvq 103wU m¨v¤új cix¶v Kievi mgq †`‡L †h, Gi A‡bK¸‡jv†ZB msµvgK †iv‡Mi Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q| AviI i‡q‡Q D”P gvÎvi Kvwm©‡bv‡Rb ev K¨vÝvi ˆZixi gZ ivmvqwbK c`v_©|

2003 mv‡j †evZjRvZ cvwbi gvb AviI fvj Kivi e¨vcv‡i wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v Îvb MÖnbKKvix †`k¸‡jv‡Z GKwU MvBWjvBb cvVvq| Avðh©RbKfv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, †mB †`k¸‡jv GUv bv †g‡b Zv‡`i †`‡ki miKv‡ii †`qv wb‡`©kB cvjb Ki‡Q|

Gb.Avi.wW.wm   †h m¨v¤új¸‡jv cix¶v K‡iwQj Zvi g‡a¨ Zviv _¨v‡jUm& (phthalates) bv‡gi GKwU ivmvqwbK c`v_© Luy‡R cvb|  †evZjRvZ cvwb‡Z Gi gvÎv AwZµg K‡i‡Q hy³iv‡óªi Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj cÖ‡UKkb G‡RÝxi †eu‡a †`qv gvÎv| _¨v‡jUm& mvavibZt e¨envi nq c­vwóK bgbxq ivL‡Z| Gi e¨envi i‡q‡Q Km‡gwUK, myMwÜ GgbwK ev”Pv‡`i †Ljbv‡ZI| Gi e¨envi Ae¨¨nZfv‡e bRi`vix‡Z ivL‡Q hy³ivóª miKvi| weÁvbxiv e‡j‡Qb _¨v‡jUm& gvby‡li kix‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j ni‡gv‡bi ¯^vfvweK †d¬v K‡g hvq| gvbe åy‡bi ˆZix nIqvi mgq GB _¨v‡jUm& cyi“l mš—v‡bi 哇bi cªRbbZ‡š¿i  ‡fZ‡i Zvi Avkªq Lyu‡R †bq| c‡i cyi“l mš—vb eo n‡j Zvi AÛ‡Kvli mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| AÛ‡Kvl Zvi ¯^vvfvweK Szjš— Ae¯’v nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges Zj‡c‡Ui w`‡K D‡V hvq| d‡j IB cyi“l wPiZ‡i Zvi cÖRbb ¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| 

‡evZ‡ji cvwbi Drm¸‡jv wK wK?

Natural Mineral Water b¨vPvivj wgbv‡ij IqvUvi	GB cvwb gvwUi bx‡Pi cvwb| GBwU cwi‡ek `~l‡bi bvMv‡ji evB‡i _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ mve©¶wYK LwbR c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZ we`¨gvb _v‡K| GB cvwb‡K cwi†kvab Ki‡Z nqbv| ZvB mivmwi cvb‡hvM¨|
Spring Water w¯cÖs IqvUvi ev Sb©vi cvwb	GB cvwb cÖvK…wZK Ges gvwUi Ici †_‡K msMÖn K‡iB †evZjRvZ Kiv nq| GB cvwb Aek¨B Sb©v †_‡KB msMÖn K‡i Z‡e †evZjRvZ Ki‡Z nq| A_ev Sb©vi cvwb‡K †Kvb M‡Z©i †fZ‡i ‡bqvi c‡i Zvi c‡i †evZjRvZ Ki‡Z nq|
Purified Water wcDwidvBW IqvUvi	GB cvwb gvwUi Ic‡ii cvwb| GB cvwb‡K ‡kvab Kiv nq| U¨v‡ci cvwi †P‡q GwU wfbœ G Kvi‡Y †h, GwU †evZ‡j mieivn Kiv nq|
Artesian Water Av‡U©wRqvb IqvUvi	GB cvwb GKwU Kz‡qvq _v‡K hvi cvwbi ¯—i †Kvb wkjv ev gvwUi bx‡P †h cvwb _v‡K Zvi †P‡q DuPz ¯—‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i|
Sparkling Water ¯úvK©wjs IqvUvi	GB cvwb‡K cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i Gi Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW‡K †ei K‡i †`qv nq| GZ †mB cwigvY Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW ZLbI _v‡K †h cwigvY Zvi ‰Zix nIqvi mg‡q wQj| Z‡e †mvWv IqvUvi ev †j‡gv‡b‡Wi m‡½ GK GK K‡i fvev Pj‡e bv|
Well Water I‡qj IqvUvi	Avgv‡`i †`‡ki  Kz†qvi cvwb| GB cvwb wkjv ¯—‡i Rgv _v‡K| wkjv ¯—‡i †f` K‡i c‡i GB cvwb Kz‡qvq Rgv nq|

wc.B.wU ev Ò†cUÓ cvwbi ‡evZj wK?

wc.B.wU GKwU ivlvqwbK `ª‡e¨i msw¶ß bvg| eo Ki‡j `vuovq cwjBBw_wjb †U‡ic_¨v‡jU|  

wc.B.wU †evZj wKfv‡e Gwo‡q Pj‡ebt

†evZ‡ji Zjvq ev wQwc‡Z †`L‡eb wZb †KvYv GKwU Ni AvuKv‡bv i‡q‡Q&| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q GKUv msL¨v|

GB msL¨v hw` 5 †_‡K D‡×© nq Z‡e †mB †evZj SuywK gy³|

5 Gi Kg msL¨v n‡j †mB †evZj †_‡K ivlvqwbK c`v_© †ewi‡q Av‡m| ‡`L‡eb cÖvq †ekxifvM cvwbi †evZ‡j GB msL¨v 5Gi Kg|

Avcwb nq‡Zv Rv‡bbv †h GB ivlvqwbK `ªe¨wU K¨vÝvi ˆZix K‡i| Avi g‡bi ARv‡š—B GB cvwb wbivc` †f‡e cvb Ki‡Qb| ‡evZ‡ji cvwbi m‡½ wg‡k GB cvwb mivmwi gvby‡li kix‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q|   

ZvB AvR †_‡KB GB cvwbi †evZj e¨envi †Q‡o w`b| fv‡jv _vKzb|

Open your Mouth thoughtfully

Open your Mouth thoughtfully

 

Md. Abdus Sabur

gyL Lj‡eb wPš—v K‡i

Once an old man spread rumors that his neighbor young man was a thief. As a result the Youngman was arrested. Days later the Youngman was proven innocent. After release the Youngman sued the old man for accusing him wrongly.

GKevi GK e„× †jvK wPrKvi K‡i evox gv_vq Zz‡j e‡j­v †h Zvi cv‡ki evoxi hyev †jvKwU †Pvi! cywjk G‡m hyev †jvKwU‡K a‡i wbq †Mj| KÕw`b c‡i hyev †jvKwU wb‡`©vl cÖgvwYZ n‡q wd‡i Gj| Gevi hyev †jvKwU wg‡_¨ Acev` †`qvi Rb¨ Gevi e„× †jvKwU‡K Awfhy³ Ki‡jv|  

In the court the old man told the Judge” they were just comments, didn’t harm anyone.” The Judge told the old man, “Write all the things you said about him on a piece of paper. Cut them up on the way home, through the pieces of paper out. Comeback tomorrow to hear the sentence. Next day the Judge told the old man, “Before receiving the sentence, you will have to go out and gather all the pieces of paper that you threw out yesterday.”

e„× †jvKwU Av`vj‡Z wM‡q e‡j­v, hyev †jvKwUi wei“‡× hv hv e‡jwQ Zv wQj wbQKB gš—e¨| Ab¨ wKQyB bq| G K_v¸‡jv KvD‡K †KvbI ¶wZ Ki‡e bv| wePviK Gevi e„× †jvKwU†K e‡j­b, Avcwb hv hv e‡j‡Qb Zv GK UzK‡iv KvM‡R wjLyb| Zvi c‡i ‡jLv KvM‡Ri UzK‡ivwU‡K KzwU KzwU K‡i †djyb Avi evox hvevi c‡_ †m¸‡jv Qwo‡q w`b †hLvb †mLv‡b|

c‡ii w`‡b G‡m wePv‡ii ivq ï‡b hv‡eb|

c‡ii w`‡b wePviK e„× †jvKwU†K e‡j­b, iv‡qi Av‡M Avcwb †ewi‡q wM‡q MZKvj †hLvb †mLv‡b Qov‡bv †jLv KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv¸‡jv Kzwo‡q wb‡q Avm‡eb|     

The old man said, “I can’t do that. The wind spread them and I won’t know where to find them”. The Judge then replied, “The same way the simple comments may destroy the honor of a man to such an extent that one is unable to fix it. If you can’t speak well of someone, rather don’t say anything.

e„× †jvKwU e‡j­v, ÒAvwg cvi‡ev bv|Ó evZvm‡Zv I¸‡jv‡K eû`~i Dwo‡q wb‡q‡Q| Avwg Luy‡R cv‡ev wK K‡i? wePviK e„× †jvKwU†K e‡j­b, GKB fv‡e mvavib GKwU gš—e¨I GKRb gvby‡li gvb-m¤§vb Ggbfv‡e ¶zbœ K‡i †h †m¸‡jv †g‡b †bqv KwVb n‡q c‡o|

Avcwb hw` KvD‡K fv‡jv K_v †kvbv‡Z ev ej‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j †Kvb wKQy bv e‡j Pzc _vKzb| Zv‡ZB g½j|

Let’s all be masters of our mouths, so that we can’t be slaves of our words.

Avmyb, Avgiv mevB Avgv‡`i gy‡Li Lei`vix Kwi| GZ Avgiv Avgv‡`i K_vi Ò`vmÓ n‡ev bv| 

JAFFRAN

Rvdivb

cÖvPxY mvwnZ¨ Ges K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K GK_v ®úó fv‡e cÖgvwYZ †h Rvdivb MZ cvuP nvRvi eQi a‡i Kvk¥x‡i Avev` Kiv n‡”Q| 961 L„óv‡ã gymjgv‡biv †¯ú‡b Gi Pvl ïi~ Kivi A‡MB Kvk¥xi GjvKvq Gi Pvl n‡Zv e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q| cvK- fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Rvdivb GK cwiwPZ bvg| Gi Av‡iv bvg n‡”Qt †Kki, KzgKzgv, Ks, BZ¨vw`| Gwkqvb GwMÖ wnwóª dvD‡Ûk†bi wewfbœ †jLvq Rvdiv‡bi e¨envi, mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb, a‡g© Gi e¨envi BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ †jLv i‡q‡Q|

 

Rvdiv‡bi ‰eÁvwbK bvg †µvKvm m¨vUvBfvm| cwievit Bwi‡Wwm| eskMZ fv‡e Rvdivb n‡”Q †µvKvm KvU©ivBwUAvbvm(Crocus cartwrightianus) cÖRvwZi Z„Zxq cÖR‡b¥i Dw™¢`( triploid form of the species)| Rvdivb eܨv| ZvB Gi dzj †_‡K †Kvb exR ˆZix nq bv| Rvdiv‡bi esk ci¤úiv i¶v nq †Kej gvÎ g~j¨evb K‡Y©i gva¨‡g|    

 

cÖvK…wZK GB is‡qi K_v Avgv‡`i g‡b _vK‡jI Gi DrcwË ¯’j †Kv_vq †m m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i avibv ¯úó bq| avibv Kiv nq †h, Rvdiv‡bi Drm ¯’j n‡”Q GLbKvi MÖxm, Zzi¯‹, Ges Bivb GB we¯x—b© GjvKvq| Gi ci Gi we¯Z…wZ N‡U c~‡e© Kvk¥xi Ges Px‡bi w`‡K| Z‡e G‡Kev‡i wbw`©ó K‡i Rvbv hvqwb Gi Drm¯’j m¤ú‡K©| Gi KviY n‡”Q Rvdiv‡bi 80wU cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ †Kvb ey‡bv cÖRvwZi mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| Rvdivb bvgUv Avie‡`i †`Iqv| Gi A_© n‡jv Ónj‡` n‡q hvIÓ| Avieiv Zv‡`i wewRZ †`k †¯ú‡b Rvdivb Pvl Ki‡Zv| GL‡bv †mLvb‡_‡K Avgv‡`i †`‡k Rvdivb Av‡m| f~¯^M© Kvk¥x‡i Rvdiv‡bi bvg ÓKsÓ| Z‡e 69wU fvlvq Rvdivb ev Gi Bs‡iRx bvg m¨vdib& cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡jI ÓKsÓbvgwU Avi †Kv_vI cvIqv hvqwb| avibv Kiv nq †h Kvk¥x‡i Rvdiv‡bi Pvl cÖvq 5000 eQi a‡i Pj‡Q|

ms¯‹…‡Z Rvdiv‡bi bvg Kvk¥xivRbgb , hvi A_© Kvk¥x‡ii cY¨| G‡Z †evSv hvq ‡h, Kvk¥xiB n‡PQ Rvdiv‡bi Avw` Rb¥¯’vb|  wn›`y‡`i cweÎ MÖš’ kªx kªx fvMe` MxZvq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖfy K…l‡bi  Abymvix †Mvcx Avi Zvi Ab¨ Abymvix †`vqviKv Rvdivb w`‡q Zv‡`I kixi ivOv‡Zv| fvi‡Zi weL¨vZ cwÛZ Kvjnvb wj‡L‡Qb, ivRv jwjZvw`†Z¨i kvmbvg‡j(750 L„óvã) Kvk¥x‡ii cvgcyi GjvKvq Rvdivb Pvl n‡Zv Ges ivRZiw½bx Drm‡e(1184 L„óvã) Rvdiv‡bi e¨envi wQj| Kvk¥x‡ii weL¨vZ gwnjv Kwe jvj †``/ jv‡jk¦ix (1301-1372) †h jvj fK (`k©b evK¨vejx) iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Rvdiv‡bi ¯’vb wQj D‡j­L‡hvM¨| G iKg GKwU csw³i Bs‡iRx Abyev†` ejv n‡q‡Q:

“Do not spread your greedy hands to grab a saffron field belonging to others. Otherwise nobody is going to save you from the punishment due before the Almighty!”

Gi evsjv Ki‡j ejv hvq: "†Zvgvi †jvfvZzi nvZ A‡b¨i Rvdivb †¶‡Zi w`‡K evwoIbv| Zvn‡j, Zzwg m„wó KZ©vi Awfm¤úvZ †_‡K †invq cv‡e bv|Ó

ey× a‡g©i cÖeZ©K †MŠZg ey× Zuvi wPei Rvdivb w`‡q ivOv‡Zb e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q| Zvui g„Z¨i ci ciB wf¶ziv GB Rvdivb‡K agx©q iO Kivi †Nvlbv †`q| ZvB ‡eŠ×‡`i wPei ev †cvkvK GLbI Rvdivb i‡Oi|

 

cyRv cve©‡bi Av‡M Kcv‡j Rvdivb wZjK †`Iqvi †iIqvR GL‡bv Kvk¥xix wn›`y‡`i g‡a¨ eZ©gvb|

 

GL‡bv fvi‡Zi wewfbœ RvqMvq gw›`‡i ev cÖv_©bvi Av‡M †g‡qiv Zv‡`i Kcv‡j Rvdiv‡bi wZjK †`q| GUv‡K Zviv Avkxev`©, †mŠfvM¨ Ges c‡ivcKv‡ii wPý g‡b K‡i| Av‡MKvi A‡bK evbx Rvdivb Kvwj w`‡q †jLv n‡Zv e‡jI Rvbv †M‡Q|

fvi‡Zi mgªvU AvKe‡ii beiZœ mfvi mf¨ Aveyj dR‡ji †jLv AvBb-B AvKeix‡Z D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Kvk¥x‡i Rvdivb Pvl Kiv n‡Zv| bxbx(1999) bv‡gi GKRb M‡elK Rvbvb, mgªvU AvKe‡ii cyÎ Rvnv½xi 1607 I 1620 mv‡j Kvk¥x‡ii kªxbM‡ii Kv‡Q cvgcyi GjvKvq Rvdivb Pv‡li eb©Yv w`‡qwQ‡jb| †m mgq Rvdiv‡bi evwl©K Drcv`b wQj 500 gb| mgªvU Rvnv½xi †m mgq Rvdivb Dw™¢‡`i we‡kl K‡i Gi dz‡ji  eb©Yv †`b| Z‡e wZwb e‡jb, dzj †Zvjvi mgq ivR cwiev‡ii †jvK‡`i gv_v e¨_v n‡Zv| Avevi ¯’vbxq †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ G Ae¯’v †`Lv ‡hZ bv| mgªvU I cÖRv‡`i g‡a¨ Rvdivb 50-50 As‡k fvM n‡Zv| AviI Rvbv †M‡Q †h, cvgcyi ev Kvk¥xi GjvKvi Rvdivb wKkZ&Iqvi ev R¤§y GjvKvi Rvdiv‡bi †P‡q fv‡jv|        

uRvdiv‡bi Kk¥xix bvg Ks| Rvdivb Pvlxi bvg Ks Rwgb`vi /fvc`vfvb‡evqvj| †h Rwg‡Z Rvdivb Rb¥vq †m Rwgi bvg Ks Rwgb/`vR| j‡iÝ( 1895) bv‡gi GKRb BwZnvm‡eËv Rvbvb, Kvk¥xi GivKvq me‡P‡q †ekx ivR¯^ Av`vq nq Rvdivb †_‡K| GjvKvq nv-fvZ ev Lv`¨vfve †`Lv w`‡j †j‡Kiv Rvdiv‡bi g~j †L‡q mvevo K‡i| G‡Z djb K‡g hvq| cÖvPxY fvi‡Z myeY© i‡Oi †h †cvlvK †`Lv †h‡Zv †mB iOwU Rvdivb †_‡KB †bqv|

 

Gwkqvb GwMÖ wnwóª dvD‡Ûk‡bi msM„nxZ Z_¨

g~Nj es‡ki kvn&Rv`v `viv wkK&‡nv †jLv ÔÔ‡bvkLv `vi dvbwb-dvjvnvZÓ bvgK cy¯—‡K Rvdivb m¤ú‡K© we¯v—wiZ weeiY  cvIqv hvq| Z‡e GLb †h c×wZ‡Z Rvdiv‡bi Pvl Kiv nq †m c×wZi m‡½ Zvi wgj †bB| G weeiY w`‡q‡Qb fviZxq M‡elK ivwRqv AvKevi| M‡elK mvav‡j 2004 I 1996 mv‡j e‡j‡Qb, PµcvwY wg‡kªi †lvok kZ‡Ki wek¦ ej­f  myi cv‡ji GKv`k kZ‡Ki e„¶ Avqy‡e©‡` ejv n‡q‡Q †h, KzgKzgv ev Rvdivb R‡b¥ Mv‡Qi imy‡bi g‡Zv Ask †_‡K  Dw™¢` weÁv‡b hvi bvg evje& (Bulb)|  fviZxq M‡elK AvqvwmU 2002 mv‡j e‡jb,Kvkxqvcvi beg  kZ‡Ki †jLv K…wl welqK cy¯—K Kvk¨vwcqvK…wlkyw³‡Z ‡m  mgq agx©q AvPvi Abyôv‡Y KzgKzgvi e¨vcK e¨envi wQj e‡j weeiY cvIqv hvq|| IB cy¯—‡K AviI ejv n‡q‡Q,†m mgq Pvj Avi Rvdivb GK‡Î wgwk‡q †`eZv‡`i c~Rv †`Iqv n‡Zv (Kvk¨vwcqvK…wlkyw³- Aa¨vq- Pvi, †k­vK-10-11)|              

 

ev¯‘ms¯’vb welqK ch©v‡jvPbvt

‡ki-B- Kvk¥xi  K…wl I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b DcvPvh© cÖ‡dmi Gg.G. `vi Gui †`Iqv Z_¨vbymv‡i Rvbv hvq ‡h, Kvk¥xi  Avi wKk&Z&Iqvi DcZ¨Kvq  A‡±vei gv‡m w`‡bi †ejvq hLb ZvcgvÎv 24 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm I‡V Ges iv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv hLb 4 wWMÖx †mjwmqv‡m †b‡g Av‡m, ZLb Rvdivb †¶‡Z jvj †evj&Zv Avi †gŠgvwQi Avbv‡Mvbv †e‡o hvq| Giv Rvdiv‡bi civMvq‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|  †cvKv gvKo Rvdivb dz‡ji cys †Kki Avµgb K‡i Avi  Ggb Ae¯’vq jywK‡q _v‡K †h‡bv Zviv dz‡jiB Ask| Kv‡jv  Kv‡jv GwdWiv dz‡ji Mf©`‡Û jywK‡q _v‡K|

 

DcL¨vb

mgªvU jwjZvw`‡Z¨i Avg‡j Kvk¥x‡ii c`gcy‡i fvMfÆ bv‡gi GK wewkó wPwKrmK evm Ki‡Zb|

IqvwRi c`‡gi bvgvbymv‡i GB c`gcyi bvgKiY Kiv nq| GKevi Rj-†`eZv Z¶K bvM  †Pv‡Li Amy‡L Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j fvMfÆ Zv‡K A‡bK wPwKrmv K‡i e¨_© nb| nZvk fvMfÆ hLb †`L‡jb †h, Rj †`eZv Avi †KD bq eis GKUv mvc, ZLb  wZwb Zvi gyL †_‡K †ei nIqv welv³ †avuqv bv‡Mi †Pv‡L jvwM‡q w`‡q †PvLUv †eu‡a w`‡jb| G‡Z bvMivR my¯’ n‡q DV‡jv| K…ZÁZvi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e bvMivR Z¶K fvMeƇK c`gcy‡i Pvl Kivi Rb¨ Rvdiv‡bi GKUv g~j ev evj¦ †`b|

GB c`gcyiB n‡”Q AvR‡Ki cvgcyi| AvRI GLv‡b †mB Z¶K bvMiv‡Ri c~Rv Kiv nq cvgcy‡ii wRDqvb MÖv‡gi GKwU Sibvi Kv‡Q| G eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb HwZnvwmK j‡iÝ 1895 mv‡j| GB‡Zv K‡qKw`b Av‡MI GgbUv avibv Kiv n‡Zv †h, cvgcyi Qvov Avi †Kv_vI Rvdivb Rb¥v‡ebv| wKš‘ GLb G avibv wg_¨v  cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|

cÖvw߯’vb:

†¯ú‡bi jv-gvÂv, BZvjx, MÖxm, BivY, Zzi¯‹ Ges fvi‡Z Rvdivb R‡b¥| PZz`©k kZ‡K Bsj¨v‡Ûi m¨vdib Iqv‡ìb kn‡i ( Rvdivb Pv‡li m~Î a‡i kniwUi bvg) Rvdivb Pv‡li †Póv Kiv nq| Pvlxiv mdjI n‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e Zviv †ekx `~i G‡Mv‡Z  cv‡ibwb| Gi ci Rvg©vbx, myBRvij¨vÛ Ges Aw÷ªqv‡ZI Rvdivb Pv‡li †Póv Pvjv‡bv nq| wKš‘ Pvlxiv mdj  nbwb| 

fvi‡Zi kªxbM‡ii Kv‡Q cvgcyi GjvKvq Ges Kvk¥x‡ii Îvj, evw›`cyi, Aewš—cyi, Pv‡`Šiv, ey`Mvg, Zvci, ei‡gvj­v, ‡kvwcqvb, gvbR&Mvg,KzBj, bvMvg, Pviv-B-kixd, wKkZ&Iqvi Ges †`v`v R¤§y GjvKvi A‡bK RvqMvq Rvdivb R‡b¥| R¤§y I  Kvk¥x‡ii 5700 †n±i Rwg eZ©gv‡b Rvdivb Pv‡li AvIZvq Avbv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK gvmyw`  2003 mv‡j Rvbvb, G‡Z eQ‡i miKv‡ii 43 †KvwU i“cx Avq nq| Kvk¥xi GjvKvi 10 nvRvi cwievi GB Rvdivb Pv‡li m‡½ †_‡K cªZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e DcK…Z n‡”Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k gqgbwmsn GjvKvi gy³vMvQvq Rvdivb Pv‡li †Póv Pj‡Q e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q|

 

Rvdivb m¤ú‡K© Dw™¢` weÁ‡bi eb©bv

 

Rvdivb ¯^íDrcv`bkxj GK el©Rxex Dw™¢`| G‡`I g~‡j i‡q‡Q GKwU †MvjvKvi KY© hvi cwiwa 0.5 †_‡K 5.0 †mw›UwgUvi| GB KY© †_‡K 6-15wUi gZ 10 †mw›UwgUvi D”PZv wewkó bvjx-cÎ †ei nq| GB bvjx-c‡Î Pvi cv‡k _v‡K cvZjv c`©vi gZ Auvk ev ké cÎ| †K‡›`ªi gv KY©wU wbiew”Qbœfv‡e PµvKv‡i wkï KY© Drcv`b Ki‡Z _v‡K| GK- GKwU KY© †_‡K eQ‡i GKevi gvÎ GKwU K‡i dzj nq| 10-12 eQi ci, wkï KY©¸‡jv g‡a¨Kvi RvqMv fwZ© n‡q †M‡j gv KY©wU ïwK‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| c‡i gvwU Luy‡o KY©¸‡jv †ei K‡i wb‡q Avjv`v fv‡e jvMv‡Z nq| dzj¸‡jv nq dv‡b‡ji gZ Ges 7-8 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v nq| dz‡ji cvcwo¸‡jv †gvU QhwU †mM‡g‡›U `yB wmwi‡R wef³| G‡`i iO †e¸wb ev jvj †Mvjvcx cs †Kk‡i wZbwU civMavbx _v‡K| civMavbxi wdjv‡g›U¸‡jv †eu‡U wKš— civMavbx¸‡jv j¤^v AvKv‡ii| Mf©`‡Ûi AvKvi j¤^v‡U| Gi iO njy` Ges Mf©`ÛwU wdjv‡g›U AvKv‡ii| Gi Ic‡i †h w÷Mgv _v‡K Zv cÖvq wZb †_‡K Pvi wgwjwgUvi cyi“|

 

PvlKiv Rvdiv‡bi Rbb†Kv‡l †h †Kvl wefvRb nq Zv AwbqwgZ wg‡qvwmm| Gi dzj Dli ev eܨv| G‡Z _v‡K 2Avi=24 †µv‡gv‡Rvg| Rvdivb Mv‡Qi mwµq e„w× N‡U mvaviYZt kir †_‡K emš—Kv‡ji g‡a¨| MÖx®§Kv‡j G‡`i e„w× N‡U bv|

 

Pvl

‡`o nvRvi †_‡K `yB nvRvi wgUvi D”PZvq Rvdiv‡bi Pvl fv‡jv nq| Z‡e Gi R‡b¨ Lye †ekx Mig AvenvIqvi `iKvi †bB| Gi Rb¨ mve-‡U¤úv‡iU ev A‡c¶vK…Z Kg D Rjevqy `iKvix| †hme GjvKvq 30-45 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócvZ Ges kxZvK‡j ZzlvicvZ nq †mLv‡b Rvdivb fv‡jv nq| emš—Kv‡ji e„wó Rvdiv‡bi KY© Drcv`‡b mnvqK Avi Mªx®§Kv‡ji e„wó A‡bK dz‡ji mgv‡ivn wb‡q Av‡m|

 

mn‡R cvwb R‡g _v‡K bv Ggb nvév ¶vihy³ †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z Rvdiv‡bi Pvl fv‡jv nh| 4 †_‡K 5 †mw›UwgUvi cwiwai KY© †_‡K Rvdiv‡bi eske„w× ïi“ nq| KY©¸‡jv †`L‡Z ‡MvjvKvi ev‡j¦i g‡Zv| Giv LvwbKUv P¨vÞv Ges mv`v cyi“ Av‡kui gZ AveiY w`‡q Ave„Z| Pviv jvMv‡bvi Av‡M emš—Kv‡j Rwg‡Z 4-5 evi Pvl w`‡Z nq| Gi ci †g gv‡mi w`‡K Rwg‡Z Avev‡iv Pvl w`‡Z nq| Gi ci Rwg‡Z w`‡Z nq †n±i cÖwZ 20 Ub AiM¨vwbKm mvi| Gi ci gvwU‡K mgvb Ki‡Z nq| Gi ci 15-20 †mw›UwgUvi `~‡i `~‡i M‡Z© KY~¸‡jv cuy‡Z †`qv nq| MZ©¸‡jvi MfxiZv 8-10 †mw›UwgUvi| Gi ci gvwU Avev‡iv mgvb Kiv †`qv nq| Gfv‡e 2 `kwgK cuvP ¯‹qvi wgUvi AvKv‡ii gvwU‡Z Rvdivb jvMv‡bv nq | Pvi cv‡k ivL‡Z nq 30 †mw›UwgUvi PIov †Wªb| GK †n±i Rwg‡Z jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ 6 nvRvi K‡Y©i `iKvi nq| Gi ci Ry‡b Ges wØZxqevi †m‡Þ¤^i Rwg‡Z wbovbx w`‡q AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z nq| c‡i dzj †Zvjv nq| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e GK †KwR Rvdivb †c‡Z 2 jvL dz‡ji civMavbxi `iKvi c‡o |

 

dzj Avni‡Yi ‡KŠkj Ges dzj ïKv‡bv

Rvdiv‡bi dzj †Zvjvi mgq n‡j †m¸‡jv Zz‡j e¨v‡M fiv nq| Gi ci †m¸‡jv GKwU eo gv`y‡ii Ici weQv‡bv nq †iv‡` ïKv‡bvi Rb¨| G mgq cÖ‡Z¨KUv dzj †_‡K nvZ w`‡q wZbwU civM`Û †U‡b †ei Kiv nq| GUvB kvnx Rvdivb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ| cÖ_g †KvqvwjwUi Rvdivb| civM`‡Ûi mv`v AskI Rvdivb bv‡g cwiwPZ| Z‡e Gi †KvqvwjwU wØZxq †MÖ‡Wi| Gfv‡e †h Rvdivb msMÖn Kiv nq, ¯’vbxq fvlvq Gi bvg g½jv|

 

dz‡ji evKx Ask¸‡jv Lye K‡i wcwU‡q †m¸‡jv‡K †Rv‡i evZvm †`qv nq| c‡i me¸‡jv dzj cvwb‡Z †Wvev‡bv nq| cvcwo¸‡jv G mgq cvwb‡Z fvm‡Z _v‡K Avi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask bx‡P Rgv nq| Gi bvg ÔwbIqvjÕ| GB wbIqvj msMÖn K‡i `yB wZbevi GKB KvR Kiv nq| Gfv‡e cvIqv wbIqv‡ji is nq nvév, MÜI †Zgb ¯úó nq bv kvnx Rvdiv‡bi ev g½jvi gZ | wØZxq †MÖ‡Wi G¸‡jv evRv‡i weKvqÔÔ jvPvÕÕ bv‡g| dz‡ji †h `Û Aewkó _v‡K †m¸‡jv GK‡Î †eu‡a †djv nq| Gi bvg Ô¸wPÕ| e¨y‡iv Ae BwÛqvb ó¨vÛvWm© Gi Z_¨vbymv‡i Rvdivb dz‡j _v‡K 20 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v civM`Û| Gi is nq Mvp jvj ev Mvp †Mvjvcx| G Ae¯’vq Rvdiv‡b myMwÜ Ges Av‡qvwW‡bi MÜ cvIqv hvq| †L‡Z Lye fv‡jv ¯^v‡`i nq|

 

ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb

K¨v‡ivwUb‡qW _vKvi Rb¨B Rvdiv‡bi G is| Gi bvg Avjdv I weUv K¨v‡ivwUb| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡iv i‡q‡Q jvB‡Kv‡cb I wRqv‡Rwbm| Rvdiv‡bi 1% ˆZjv³ As‡k i‡q‡Q Uvi‡cY, GjwWnvDW Ges wK‡Uvb| Gi g‡a¨ Avevi me‡P‡q †ekx cwigv‡b cvIqv hvq m¨vdivbvj | ˆZjv³ As‡k Av‡iv †h Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq Zvi bvg wc‡bb I mvB‡bIj| Rvdiv‡bi wZ³ ¯^v‡`i Rb¨ `vqx wcK‡iv‡µvwmb|

 

Lvevi wnmv‡e Rvdiv‡bi e¨envi

cvKfviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Rvdiv‡bi eûwea e¨envi i‡q‡Q ivBm wW‡m, wgwó‡Z Avi kie‡Z| GQvovI AviI Ab¨vb¨ Lvev‡i Gi e¨envi mgwaK | fvi‡Zi Lv`¨ we‡klÁ gvayi Rvdixi g‡Z, D‡j­L‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡`i Kvi‡Y Rvdivb we‡kl Abyôv‡b Lvev‡ii wW‡m myMÜ Qwo‡q †`q| Kvk¥xi GjvKvq ÔKs †LIqvÕ bv‡gi GK cÖKvi cvbx‡qi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| we‡kl Abyôv‡b hv cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| GK wjUvi cwigvb cvwb‡Z `y‡Uv meyR GjvP ¸u‡ovi m‡½ Rvdiv‡bi civM`Û cwigvbgZ wPwb mn R¡vj Ki‡j GB Ks †LIqv ‰Zwi nq| GQvovI Rvdivb †MvkZ, Rvdivb Pv, Rvdivb gyiMxj my¯^v`y LveviI ˆZwi Kiv nq Avgv‡`i Dcgnv‡`‡k|

Ily‡a e¨envi

my¯^v`y Lvevi wnmv‡e Rvdiv‡bi eû e¨envi _vK‡jI Ily‡aI Gi e¨envi m¤ú©‡K Rvbv hvq| Rvdivb †_‡K †h myMwÜ njy` Zij c`v_© cvIqv hvq Zv Kd, †c‡Ui †Mvjgvj, †c‡Ui e¨_v Ges Awb`ªvq e¨envi nq| cviwdDg I is‡q Gi e¨envi i‡q‡Q| M‡elYvq Rvbv ‡M‡Q †h, Rvdivb wUDgvi mvwi‡q †Zv‡j Ges kix‡ii dz‡j hvIqv Ask mviv‡Z Ges Pwe© Kgv‡Z Gi Kvh©Ki f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| Rvdiv‡b i‡q‡Q K¨vÝvi we‡ivax †µvwKb, m¨vdivbvj Ges wcK‡iv‡µvwm‡bi gZ ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb| weÁvbx‡`i avibv K¨v‡ivwUb mg„× nIqvi Kvi‡Y Rvdiv‡bi K¨vÝvi we‡ivax f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|

 

Ab¨vb¨ e¨envi

Rvdiv‡bi eûwea e¨envi i‡q‡Q cÖmvab wk‡í| G Qvov wgé‡kK I AvBmwµ‡g Gi †`Lv wg‡j| myMwÜy ZvgvK I cvb gmjvq Rvdiv‡b Dcw¯’wZ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq | i‡O Gi e¨envi i‡q‡Q| cvKfviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k wewfbœ †jvKvPv‡i Rvdiv‡bi e¨envi e¨vcK| PxbvgvwUi cv‡Î Rvdiv‡bi Kvwji †jLv †KviAvb kix‡di AvqvZ ay‡q cvwb LvIqvi †iIqvR gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ Pvjy Av‡Q GLbI| G‡Z †ivM evjvB fv‡jv nq e‡j Zv‡`i avibv| Z‡e Rvbv ‡M‡Q Drcvw`Z Rvdiv‡bi 70 kZvsk e¨envi nq ZvgvK I R`©v wk‡í, agx©q Abyôv‡b, wPwb I Ilya wk‡í Ges Avqy‡e©` kv¯¿g‡Z Ilya ‰Zix‡Z|

 

Rvdiv‡bi †ivM-evjvB

Rvdiv‡bi Mv‡Qi †iv‡Mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q KY©iU ev KY©cPb| Gi KviY GKai‡bi AYyRxe g¨v‡·v‡dvwgbv d¨wmIjxbv| GQvov ivB‡RvK‡Uvwbqv †µv‡Kvivg †¯‹¬‡iv‡Uvwbqv evj‡evivg Ges †dvgv Kvi‡cvwdjv bv‡gi QÎvK¸‡jv Rvdivb Mv‡Qi ¶wZKi| ciRxex I AcRxex MÖ“‡ci †bgv‡UvW †nvwj‡KvUvB‡j·vm, wRwd‡bgv, g¨v‡·vcm‡_vwgqv Ges GwK‡j¼vq‡Wm Gi Dcw¯’wZ Rvdiv‡b †`Lv hvq| ivB‡RvM­vBdvm bv‡gi GK ai‡bi gvBU ev AuvVvjx †cvKv Kvk¥xi GjvKvi Rvdiv‡b †`Lv ‡M‡Q|

 

2000-2001 mv‡j fvi‡Z †iKW© cwigvb Rvdivb Drcv`b nq| Gi ci miKvix D‡`¨vM †bqv nq Gi cwigvb evov‡bvi Rb¨| Rvdivb Drcv`b GjvKvq `ª“Z wkívqb NUvq Gi Drcv`b K‡g †M‡Q e‡j weÁvbxiv g‡b Ki‡Qb|

ZvQvov cÖ_vMZ c×wZI Rvdiv‡bi Kg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ A‡bKLvwb `vqx  e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| GQvovI bKj ÔAg„ZmixÕ is Ges m¯—v Bivbx Rvdivb Avmj Rvdiv‡bi cÖwZØ›Øx n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| Avevi Muv`v dy‡ji ïK‡bv cvcwou, ¸o,njy` is, †gvg BZ¨vw` bKj I †fRvj `ªe¨ Rvdiv‡bi mv‡_ wgkv‡bv nq|